TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
A. Trends in Migration Flows and in the Immigrant Population. 40
1. Introduction. 40
2. Permanenet immigration. 40
3. Temporary worker migration. 45
4. Source countries and regions of international migration flows. 46
5. The foreign-born and the foreign population in OECD countries. 52
6. Migration of service providers and intra-corporate transfers. 54
7. Entries of asylum seekers. 61
8. International students - studying and staying on. 64
Notes. 64
References. 69
Annex I.A1. Statistics on posted workers from E101 certificates - an assessment. 70
Annex I.A2. Estimating stay rates for international students. 72
B. Employment.73
1. Introduction. 73
2. Immigrants in the labour market through the economic crisis. 74
3. Job creation during the crisis... and beyond. 85
Notes. 67
Annex I.B1. Employment, unemployment and prticipation rates by gender
and place of birth in selected OECD countries, 2008 to 2010. 89
Annex I.B2. Foreign-born unemployment in selected OECD cointries
by unemployment duration, Q1 2008 to Q4 2010. 99
Annex I.B3. Changes in foreign- and native-born employment
by industry in selected OECD countries, 2007-10. 102
C. Migration Policy Developments. 104
1. Introduction. 104
2. Ensuring that labour migration meets labour market needs is a growing
proiority for policy. 104
3. Family and humanitarian policies are being tightened. 115
4. Tackling irregular migration remains a challenge. 121
5. Policies to encourage migrants to return to their countries of origin
are growing. 124
6. EU legislation continues to be a driver of policy in European
OECD countries. 125
7. International co-operation addresses an increasingly broad variety
of objectives. 128
8. Integration and citizenship policies countinue to attract policy attention. 129
Summary and conclusion. 135
Notes. 136
References. 137
MIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN OECD COUNTRIES
Executive summary. 140
introduction. 140
1. Measuring migrant entrepreneurship and its contribution to employment
creation in OECD countries. 141
2. Specific policy measures to foster migrant entrepreneurship in OECD countries. 160
Conclusions. 171
Notes. 172
References. 175
Annex II.A1. Supplementary tables on admission programmes and permit regimes
for foreign entrepreneurs and investors. 179
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION TO ISRAEL AND ITS IMPACT
Introduction. 206
Key findings. 207
1. International migration aldn Israel. 208
2. Temporary labour migration in Isreal. 226
3. Impact of migration on the Isreali economy. 234
Conclusions. 242
Notes. 243
References. 245
Annex III.A1. Supplementary tables: Regressions. 248
A. Trends in Migration Flows and in the Immigrant Population. 40
1. Introduction. 40
2. Permanenet immigration. 40
3. Temporary worker migration. 45
4. Source countries and regions of international migration flows. 46
5. The foreign-born and the foreign population in OECD countries. 52
6. Migration of service providers and intra-corporate transfers. 54
7. Entries of asylum seekers. 61
8. International students - studying and staying on. 64
Notes. 64
References. 69
Annex I.A1. Statistics on posted workers from E101 certificates - an assessment. 70
Annex I.A2. Estimating stay rates for international students. 72
B. Employment.73
1. Introduction. 73
2. Immigrants in the labour market through the economic crisis. 74
3. Job creation during the crisis... and beyond. 85
Notes. 67
Annex I.B1. Employment, unemployment and prticipation rates by gender
and place of birth in selected OECD countries, 2008 to 2010. 89
Annex I.B2. Foreign-born unemployment in selected OECD cointries
by unemployment duration, Q1 2008 to Q4 2010. 99
Annex I.B3. Changes in foreign- and native-born employment
by industry in selected OECD countries, 2007-10. 102
C. Migration Policy Developments. 104
1. Introduction. 104
2. Ensuring that labour migration meets labour market needs is a growing
proiority for policy. 104
3. Family and humanitarian policies are being tightened. 115
4. Tackling irregular migration remains a challenge. 121
5. Policies to encourage migrants to return to their countries of origin
are growing. 124
6. EU legislation continues to be a driver of policy in European
OECD countries. 125
7. International co-operation addresses an increasingly broad variety
of objectives. 128
8. Integration and citizenship policies countinue to attract policy attention. 129
Summary and conclusion. 135
Notes. 136
References. 137
MIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN OECD COUNTRIES
Executive summary. 140
introduction. 140
1. Measuring migrant entrepreneurship and its contribution to employment
creation in OECD countries. 141
2. Specific policy measures to foster migrant entrepreneurship in OECD countries. 160
Conclusions. 171
Notes. 172
References. 175
Annex II.A1. Supplementary tables on admission programmes and permit regimes
for foreign entrepreneurs and investors. 179
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION TO ISRAEL AND ITS IMPACT
Introduction. 206
Key findings. 207
1. International migration aldn Israel. 208
2. Temporary labour migration in Isreal. 226
3. Impact of migration on the Isreali economy. 234
Conclusions. 242
Notes. 243
References. 245
Annex III.A1. Supplementary tables: Regressions. 248