목차 일부
Table of contents
Preface iii
Acknowledgements ...
목차 전체
Table of contents
Preface iii
Acknowledgements iv
Abbreviations v
summary of chapters xi
Chapter 1 introduction 1
1.1 Aim of this Handbook 1
1.2 Why is income distribution important? 1
1.3 Economic well-being 2
1.4 Household income as a microeconomic and a macroeconomic concept 4
1.5 Historical background 6
Chapter 2 Standard concepts and definitions 9
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 The income concept 9
2.3 Income components 10
2.3.1 Income from employment 11
2.3.2 Property income 13
2.3.3 Income from household production of services for own consumption 14
2.3.4 Current transfers in kind 15
2.3.5 Social transfers received 16
2.3.6 Exclusion from income 16
2.4 Income aggregation 17
2.5 Income and its relationship to the broader framework 18
2.5.1 Introduction 18
2.5.2 Extension to consumption and capital accumulation 18
Chapter 3 income measurement 21
3.1 Introduction 21
3.2 Sources of household income statistics 21
3.2.1 Income surveys 21
3.2.2 Income data from registers 22
3.3 General measurement issues 24
3.3.1 Measurement units 24
3.3.2 Reference periods 26
3.3.3 Population weighting 27
3.3.4 Benchmarking 28
3.3.5 Measurement errors 29
3.4 Practical guidance for the measurement of selected income receipts 32
3.4.1 Employee income in kind 33
3.4.2 Income from self-employment 34
3.4.3 Property income 36
3.4.4 Income from household production of services for own consumption 36
3.4.5 Current transfers 41
Chapter 4 Data availability 49
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Survey of Country Practices 49
4.2.1 Robustness assessment 49
4.2.2 Data item inventory 52
4.3 Comparison of country practices between 2001 and 2010 54
4.4 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions(EU-SILC) 54
4.5 Practical definition of income for use in international comparisons 56
Chapter 5 Quality assurance guidelines 57
5.1 Introduction 57
5.2 Quality assurance frameworks 57
5.3 Quality assurance best practice 58
Chapter 6 Data analysis and dissemination 63
6.1 Introduction 63
6.2 Uses of income data 63
6.3 Units and populations 64
6.3.1 Units of analysis 64
6.3.2 Populations subgroups 65
6.4 Equivalence scales 68
6.4.1 Choice of equivalence scale 68
6.4.2 Derivation of equivalised household income 70
6.5 Summary measures of income level 72
6.5.1 Counts 72
6.5.2 Means 72
6.5.3 Medians 73
6.6 Measures of income dispersion 73
6.6.1 Frequency distribution 73
6.6.2 Quantile mearsures 74
6.6.3 Lorenz curves 75
6.6.4 Summary indicators of income dispersion 78
6.7 Income composition 81
6.8 Adjusting for price differences 84
6.8.1 Adjusting for price changes over time 84
6.8.2 Adjusting for price differences across geographical areas of types of household 86
6.9 Analysis of low income households and income poverty 88
6.9.1 Introduction 88
6.9.2 Income poverty approaches 88
6.9.3 Static versus dynamic views 91
6.9.4 Non-monetary measures of material deprivation 91
6.10 Analysis at the top of the income distribution 93
6.10.1 Non-survey methods for measuring top incomes 94
6.11 Best practice guidelines for dissemination of income data 96
Chapter 7 Comparing income distributions over time 101
7.1 Introduction 101
7.2 Undertaking cross time comparisons 101
7.3 Impact of measurement error 102
7.4 Issues for the data originator 102
7.5 Issues for secondary dataset producers 104
7.6 Issues for the end user 106
7.6.1 Detecting of changes 106
7.6.2 Significance of changes 108
7.6.3 Trends versus episodes 108
Chapter 8 Income dynamics 111
8.1 Introduction 111
8.2 Advantages and disadvantages of longitudinal data 111
8.3 Examples of longitudinal income surveys 113
8.3.1 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (Canada) 113
8.3.2 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (USA) 114
8.3.3 Survey of Income and program Participation (USA) 114
8.3.4 European Union''s statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 115
8.4 Some applications of longitudinal surveys 115
8.4.1 Households income dynamics and intergenerational mobility 115
8.4.2 Low income dynamics 117
8.4.3 Labor market dynamics 117
Chapter 9 Future directions for international work 119
9.1 Introduction 119
9.2 Better informing analyses of economic well-being 119
9.3 Household income, consumption and wealth framework 120
Appendix 1 Comparison of income definitions between 2001 and 2011 editions of the Canberra Group Handbook 123
Appendix 2 Reconciliation of micro and macro approaches 129
Appendix 3 Survey of country practices for measuring household income :
Robustness assessment 139
Appendix 4 Survey of country practices for measuring household income :
Data item inventory 163
Appendix 5 Purchasing power parities 173
Bibliography 177
Index 187
List of tables, figures and boxes
Table 1.1 Brief history of household income measurement 6
Table 2.1 Income components in the conceptual and operational definitions 11
Table 2.2 Extension to consumption and capital accumulation 19
Table 3.1 High income censorship due to processing limits 29
Table 3.2 Types of non-response 30
Table 4.1 Countries responding to the Survey of country practices 51
Table 4.2 Income components collected in EU-SILC 55
Table 4.3 Practical definitions of income for international comparisons 56
Table 5.1 Dimensions of quality assurance frameworks 57
Table 6.1 Comparison of three commonly used equivalence scales 70
Table 6.2 From gross income to person weighted equivalised disposable income 71
Table 6.3 Summary statistics of income dispersion 80
Table 6.4 Comparison of alternative treatments of persons with zero equivalised disposable household income 81
Table 6.5 Distribution of household income, government benefits and taxes 83
Table 6.6 Distribution of various household income measures n 83
Table 6.7 CPI differences for different households and locations 86
Table 6.8 Income growth and top incomes (a) 94
Table 7.1 Weekly income, new and former bases (b) 103
Appendix 1
Table 1 Classification of income components: 2001 CGH - 2011 CGH 126
Table 2 Classification of income components: 2011 CGH - 2010 CGH 127
Appendix 2
Table 1 Micro and macro household income concepts and measurement 130
Table 2 SIH and selected ASNA household income, (b) 137
Table 3 Concordance between SIH and selected ASNA income items (a) 138
Appendix 3
Table 1 Main source of information 140
Table 2 Scope and coverage 143
Table 3 Units 146
Table 4 Income recording 148
Table 5 Non-response rates for the main income components (%) 150
Table 6 Editing and imputation 152
Table 7 Dissemination 154
Table 8 Websites for additional information 156
Appendix 4
Table 1 Data item inventory: Summary of country practices 164
Table 2 Data item inventory: Individual country practices 166
Table 3 Countries that participated in the 2010 Survey of Country Practices 172
Figure 3.1 The 2011 CGH conceptual definition of production of services
for own consumption and the SNA Production boundary 37
Figure 3.2 Private and final income, by private income quintile 47
Figure 4.1 Survey of Country Practices: Proportion of countries collection detailed
income components (a) 53
Figure 6.1 Average equivalised disposable household income by life cycle stage 67
Figure 6.2 Distribution of equivalised disposable household income 74
Figure 6.3 Lorenz curves: example 1 76
Figure 6.4 Frequency distributions 76
Figure 6.5 Lorenz curves: example 2 77
Figure 6.6 Cash benefits and household taxes as a proportion of disposable household income 82
Figure 7.1 Trends in income inequality: Examples of data interpretations issues 107
Figure 7.2 Trends in income inequality: Index of Gini coefficients in country Z (a) 107
Figure 7.3 Trends in income inequality: (Gini coefficients): Average annual percentage change over time 108
Figure 7.4 Trends in income inequality: Index of Gini coefficients (a) 109
Box 3.1 Examples of using administrative data 23
Box 3.2 Definition of household 25
Box 3.3 Example of censorship of income values during processing 29
Box 3.4 Examples of imputation methods for partial non-response 31
Box 3.5 Examples of collection issues for inter-household transfers 43
Box 3.6 Excerpt from Growing Unequal? 44
Box 3.7 Government benefits, taxes and household income in Australia 47
Box 5.1 EU-SILC quality reports 62
Box 6.1 Definitions of analytical units 64
Box 6.2 Definitions of household types used in Australia 67
Box 6.3 Spatial price indexes in Canada 87
Box 6.4 Millennium Development Goals on global poverty 91
Box 6.5 Some approaches to measuring economic hardship 92
Box 6.6 Standard methodology for calculation of top income shares
from tax return data 95
Box 7.1 Examples of income data changes 103
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