목차 일부
1.0 Prologue(001)
1.1 Historical background(002)
1.2 Geography of Bangladesh(003)
1.3 Inter-agency coordination on sustainable environment management(005)
1.4 State of environment(007)
1.5 Management ...
목차 전체
1.0 Prologue(001)
1.1 Historical background(002)
1.2 Geography of Bangladesh(003)
1.3 Inter-agency coordination on sustainable environment management(005)
1.4 State of environment(007)
1.5 Management of environment(008)
Flora and Fauna(011)
2.0 Introduction(011)
2.1 Ecosystem diversity(011)
2.2 Species diversity(013)
2.3 Fauna(022)
2.4 Conservation and protection(030)
Atmosphere(033)
3.1 Climate(033)
3.2 Air quality(035)
3.3 Sound pollution(044)
3.4 Radiation pollution(047)
3.5 Greenhouse effects and global warming(047)
3.6 Global climate change and Bangladesh(049)
3.7 GHGs and their global emissions(051)
3.8 Ozone layer depletion(060)
3.9 Environmental impacts of ozone layer Depletion(061)
4.1 Water sources and inflow(063)
4.2 Water usage(066)
4.3 Water issues(074)
Land and Resources(085)
5.0 Land and Resources(085)
5.1 Physiography of Bangladesh(085)
5.2 Physiography and agro-ecological zones(AEZ)(087)
5.3 Agro-ecological zones(AEZ(091)
5.4 Land levels in relation to flooding(101)
5.5 Soils(103)
5.6 Land degradation(108)
5.7 Char Land(116)
2.8 Resources(121)
Human settlement(129)
6.0 Introduction(129)
6.1 Population density and housing(130)
6.2 Bangladesh Population policy 2004(133)
6.3 Health and education(137)
6.4 Access to water(139)
6.5 Poverty in Bangladesh(140)
6.6 Pollution(141)
6.7 Disaster and disaster management(146)
Flora and fauna(159)
Table 1.01 List of crops produced in Bangladesh(160)
Table 1.02 List of exportable fruits and vegetables from Bangladesh(162)
Table 1.03 Sowing, flowering and harvesting period of crops. fruits and vegetables(164)
Table 1.04 Acreage, production and yield rate of major agricultural crops(165)
Table 1.05 Acreage and production of minor cereals(166)
Table 1.06 Production of fruits(167)
Table 1.07 Production of vegetables(167)
Table 1.08 Production of spices(168)
Table 1.09 Production of spices(168)
Table 1.10 Production of pulses(168)
Table 1.11 Total cropped area by former district(169)
Table 1.12 Net cropped area by former district(170)
Table 1.13 Intensity of cropping by former district(171)
Table 1.14 Supply and distribution of jute in Bangladesh(172)
Table 1.15 Area irrigated under different crops(172)
Table 1.16 Area irrigated by different methods(173)
Table 1.17 Comprehensive position statement of microbes and plant speices of Bangladesh and of the World(173)
Table 1.18 Conpicuous of commonly cut tree species in Bangladesh(174)
Table 1.19 List of endangered endemic plant species(174)
Table 1.20 List of vascular plants threatened(including endemic)(175)
Table 1.21 Common wild grasses(forage)in Bangladesh(176)
Table 1.22 Important indigenous fibre resoutces in Chittagong,Coz's Bazar and Hill Tracts(176)
Table 1.23 Some common medicinal plants in Bangladesh(177)
Table 1.24 Important native occhid species and their distribution(ornamental and midicinal use)(178)
Table 1.25 Qualitative characters of six epiphytic monopodial orchids(179)
Table 1.26 Vegetative characters of six epiphttic monopodial orchids(179)
Table 1.27 Yeild and yeild contributing characters of six epiphytic monopodial orchids(179)
Table 1.28 Comprehensive satement of animal spcies of Bangladesh and of world(180)
Table 1.29 Status of inland and resident vertebrates of Bangladesh(according to Bangladesh)(180)
Table 1.30 Pests of tea in Bangladesh(181)
Table 1.31 Common insect pests of rice in Bangladesh(183)
Table 1.32 Insect and mite pests of jute(184)
Table 1.33 Pests of tea in Bangladesh(185)
Table 1.34 Number of livestock and poultry by zila(186)
Table 1.35 Number of livestock and poultry farms,2004(188)
Table 1.36 Number of tiger in Sundarban of Bangladesh,2004(188)
Table 1.37 List of protected animal species in Bangladesh(189)
Table 1.38 List of animal species in Bangladesh which are open to shooting and may be hunted on an ordinary game hunting game hunting permit(206)
Table 1.39 List of extint wildlife in Bangladesh(207)
Table 1.40 List of endangered wildlife in Bangladesh(207)
Table 1.41 List of endangered and threatened aves in Bangladesh(211)
Table 1.42 Forest land controlled by Department of Forest(212)
Table 1.43 Area under forest by type of forest(213)
Table 1.44 Farm forest area,1960-96(214)
Table 1.45 Forest production (output)by type(214)
Table 1.46 Afforestation/plantation progress under development project of Forest Department(215)
Table 1.47 Production of fish(215)
Table 1.48 Export of fish and fish-product from Bangladesh(216)
Table 1.49 Production of fertilixers and chemicals(217)
Table 1.50 Domestic and export slaes of fertilizers(217)
Table 1.51 Use of fertilizers in Bangladesh(217)
Table 1.52 Use of chemical fertilizers(218)
Table 1.53 import of pesticieds(218)
Table 1.54 Use of pesticiedes(219)
Table 1.55 Gross domestic product of crops and horticulture at constant prices (Base:1995-96)(219)
Table 1.56 Gross domestic product of crops and horticulture at current prices (220)
Table 1.57 Gross domestic product of animal farming at constant prices(Base:1995-96)(220)
Table 1.58 Gross domestic product of animal farming at curren prices(220)
Table 1.59 Gross domestic product of forest and related services at constant prices(Base:1995-96)(221)
Table 1.60 Gross domestic product of forest at current prices(221)
Table 1.61 Gross domestic product of fishing at constant price(Base:1995-96)(222)
Table 1.62 Gross domestic product of fishing at current prices(222)
Table 1.63 Damage of food crops during flood(223)
Table 1.64 Flood damage during 2003-04(223)
Atmosphere(225)
Table 2.01 Mazimum and minimum temperature at selected centres(226)
Table 2.02 Monthly rainfall at selected cities,2001-2004(226)
Table 2.03 Annual total rainfall at selected stations,1995-2004(227)
Table 2.04 Annual average relative humidity at selected stations,1993-2004(228)
Table 2.05 Annual average bright sunshine hours Per day at selected staitons by month(228)
Table 2.06 Standard of ambient air(229)
Table 2.07a Monthly ambient air quality status(PM10 and PM2.5)(229)
Table 2.07b Monthly ambient air quality status(SO2 and NOx2)(230)
Table 2.07c Monthly ambient air quality status(CO) of Khaka city at Sangsad Bhaban,2004(230)
Table 2.07d Monthly ambient air quality status(O3) of Dhaka city at Sangsad Bhanad,2004(231)
Table 2.08 Carbon monoxid in ambient air(CO),on 31 August 1997(231)
Table 2.09 Air pollution by cement industry(231)
Table 2.10 Import of ozone depletiong substances during 2004(232)
Table 2.11 Total consumption of ODS during 1995 to 2004(232)
Table 2.12 Consumption of ozone depleting substances during 2004(232)
Table 2.13 Standards for sound(233)
Table 2.14 Sound level at different areas in Dhaka city(233)
Table 2.15 Standards for emission from motor vehicles(234)
Table 2.16 Emission Estimates by type of vehicle(234)
Table 2.17 Percentage of pollutant by type of vehicles(234)
Table 2.18 Emissions from Gasoline,Diesel and CNG(235)
Table 2.19 Standards for odor(235)
Table 2.20 Electricity generation(236)
Table 2.21 Plant wise electircity generation during 2003-04(237)
Table 2.22 Electricity Generation and Consumption from 1999-2000 to 2003-2004(239)
Table 2.23 Commercial Energy Consumption from 1999-2000 ti 2003-2004(239)
Table2.24 Sectorwise Consumption of Commercial Energy(239)
Table 2.25 Sectorwise Comsupmtion of Commercial Energy(240)
Table 2.26 Import o f petroleum products by broad categories(240)
Table 2.27 Consumption of petroleum products by broad categries24(241)
Table 2.28 Import of crude oil and petroleum products(242)
Table 2.29 Production and consumption of natural gas(242)
Table 2.30 Chemical composition of Natural Gas produced in different gas fields in Bangladesh(243)
Table 2.31 Production of petroleum products by the Eastern Refinery Limited by broad categories,1999-2000 to 2003-20004(244)
Table 2.32 Import of coal and coke from selected countries(244)
Table 2.33 Consumption of coal by user classes(244)
Table 2.34 Carbon Emission Factors for Different Types of Fuels(245)
Table 2.35 Fraction of Carbon Stored in Manufacturing Industries and Constuction(245)
Table 2.36 Fraction of Carbon Oxidized for energy industries.(245)
Table 2.37 Emission Factors of CH4 from Fuel combustion by source categories in kg/TJ(246)
Table 2.38 Emission Factors of N2O from fuel combustion by source categories in kg/TJ(246)
Table 2.39 Default Emission Factors of CH4 from Oil and Gas Activities (kg/PJ)(247)
Table 2.40 Name of parameters and units used in measuring Air Pollution(247)
Table 2.41 List of major cyclonic storms causing huge loss of lives and properties in Bangladesh from 1960 to 2000(248)
Water(251)
Table 3.01 Public water points and coverage as of June, 2004(252)
Table 3.02 List of infrastructure facilities of urban water supply systems at different Pourashava(255)
Table 3.03 Percentage of households by source of drinking water(258)
Table 3.04 Demand, supply and deficit of water in Dhaka city(258)
Table 3.05 Water facilities in Dhaka city(259)
Table 3.06 Demand, supply and deficit of water at Rajshahi city(259)
Table 3.07a Water supply system in Chittagong city corporation(260)
Table 3.07b Water supply and water facilities in Chittagong city corporation, 2003-04(260)
Table 3.08 Arsenic contamination of drinking water by district and upazila(261)
Table 3.09 Number of ponds, their condition and average area of non-derelict ponds(276)
Table 3.10 Haors / Baors / Beels by locality and area(277)
Table 3.11 Water quality status of major rivers of Bangladesh during 2004(294)
Table 3.12 River water quality at selected discharge points during, 1985-90(294)
Table 3.12.1 Water quality in the river and canal system around Dhaka (2003-04)(294)
Table 3.13 Seasonal variation of parameters of different rivers of Bangladesh, 1988-89(396)
Table 3.14 Standard value for selected parameters(397)
Table 3.15 Tidal variation (tidal range) at selected river stations(397)
Table 3.16 River flow of major rivers at selected stations, 2003-2004(398)
Table 3.17 Flood affected area of Bangladesh since 1954(300)
Table 3.18 Major rivers, by length and the districts covered(301)
Table 3.18.1 Common rivers on international borderline(302)
Table 3.19 Samll rivers and canals of Bangladesh(303)
Table 3.20 Organized water transport and revenue earned(312)
Table 3.21 Number of launch and ferry ghats of BIWTA by districts(313)
Table 3.22 Number of country boats by former districts(315)
Table 3.23 Navigable waterways of Bangladesh by different seasons during 1993-94 to 2002-03(316)
Table 3.24 Fish catch, output and value added by sources of water(316)
Table 3.24.1 Ammual catch of the riverine fisheries by river and district(316)
Table 3.24.2 Annual catch in principal rivers by species, 2003-04(317)
Table 3.25 Kaptai lakes and dighis and fish caught ther from(317)
Table 3.26 Area under shrimp cultivation(317)
Table 3.26.1 Area under shrimp farming from 1984-85 to 2003-04(318)
Table 3.27 Water level of major rivers at selected stations in Bangladesh(318)
Table 3.28 Irrigation by means of irrigation(319)
Table 3.29 Water borne diseases - diarrhoea during 1995 to 2005(320)
Table 3.30 List of water treatment plants and bottle water industries(321)
Table 3.31 Annual expenditure for dredging of rivers, flood control and flood relief(322)
Table 3.32 Number of cyclone shelters and their capacity by district/thana(322)
Land and resources(325)
Table 4.01 Total land area, operated and cultivable land(326)
Table 4.02 Land utilization statistics(326)
Table 4.03 : Organic matter status of Bangladesh Soils(326)
Table 4.04 Pressures, State, Impacts and Responses of Land Degradation(327)
Table 4.05 Types and Extent of Land Degradation in Bangladesh(328)
Table 4.06 Summary of estimates of the cost of land degradation in Bangladesh(328)
Table 4.07 Areas of water, sand and chars (derived from classification of satellite images) and extent of flooding within the riverbanks(329)
Table 4.08 Bank erosion/accretion and changes in width of different rivers in Bangladesh over the period 1984-93(329)
Table 4.09 Charland population density (per sq. km)(330)
Table 4.10 Estimated charland population.(330)
Table 4.11 Number of shallow and deep tube-wells in operation(330)
Table 4.12 Number of shallow and deep tubewells directly affected due to upstream withdrawal of Ganges water(330)
Table 4.13 Production and distribution of chemical fertilizers by type(331)
Table 4.14 Extraction/production of minerals(331)
Table 4.15 Lease out of mineral resources(331)
Table 4.16 Natural Gas Reserves in Bangladesh(332)
Table 4.17 Production of fertilizers and chemicals(333)
Table 4.18 Mineral resoures reserve of Bangladesh(333)
Table 4.19 Production and consumption of Natural gas(335)
Table 4.20 Solid wastes management of Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna, Sylhet and Barisal City Corporation(335)
Table 4.21 Solid waste management in selected cities(336)
Table 4.22 Area of desert and dry land in SAARC countries, 2003(336)
Table 4.23 Population distribution in desert areas in SAARC countries, 2003(336)
Table 4.24 Population distribution in dry-land areas in SAARC countries, 2003(337)
Table 4.25 Steep lands in SAARC countries, 2003(337)
Table 4.26 Severity of human-induced degradation in SAARC countries, 2003(337)
Table 4.27 Human-induced land degradation due to agricultural activities in SAARC countries 2003(338)
Table 4.28 Land degradation severity and population distribution in SAARC countries, 2003(338)
Table 4.29 Fertilizer production in SAARC countries, 2002(339)
Table 4.30 Fertilizer consumption in SAARC countries, 2002(339)
HUMAN SETTLEMENT(341)
Table 5.01 Population and age structures in Bangladesh(342)
Table 5.02 percentage of population by broad age group, 1911 to 2001(343)
Table 5.03 Intercensal population growth rate(343)
Table 5.04 Population by sex, 1901-2001(344)
Table 5.05 Intercensal growth rate of urban population, 1901-2001(344)
Table 5.06 Density of population by division, 1901to 2001(345)
Table 5.07 Population migration in Bangladesh(345)
Table 5.08: Per Capita Per day intake of food and calorie (k. cal)(346)
Table 5.09: Per Capita per day intake of food and calorie(347)
Table 5.10 Child and Women nutrition indicators(348)
Table 5.11 Percentage of income accruing to households in each decile by residence(349)
Table 5.12 Incidence of poverty (head count ratio) direct calorie intake method(350)
Table 5.13 Incidence of poverty (head count ratio)-cost of basic needs method(350)
Table 5.14 Household environment-2004(351)
Table 5.15 Distribution of household by type of wall material(351)
Table 5.16 Distribution of household by type of roof material(352)
Table 5.17: Distribution of households by type of sanitation facilities(352)
Table 5.18 INdicator of education statistics of Bangladesh(353)
Table 5.19 Number of primary and secondary level educational institutes, teachers and students(355)
Table 5.20 Number of madrashas with teachers and students(355)
Table 5.21 Number of professional college/Institutes by type(356)
Table 5.22a Number of students and teachers by Government universities(357)
Table 5.22b Number of students in selected non-government Universities(358)
Table 5.22c NUmber of teachers in selected non-Government universities(360)
Table 5.23 Education and literacy rate, 2003(362)
Table 5.24 Basic statistics of transport, storage and communication(363)
Table 5.25 Number of cold storage by location and capacity(366)
Table 5.26 Paved road in kilometre(367)
Table 5.27 Length of RHD road network by road type(367)
Table 5.28 Roads maintained by local government institutions(368)
Table 5.29 Number of vehicles on road by types(368)
Table 5.30 Regionwise number of telephones(369)
Table 5.31 Foreign tourists arrival in Bangladesh by nationality(369)
Table 5.32 Foreign tourists arrival in Bangladesh by month and year(370)
Table 5.33 Foreign exchange earnings from tourism by month(371)
Table 5.34 Foreign visitors arrival by purpose of visit, 2004(371)
Table 5.35 Foreign visitor's arrival by mode of transport, 2004(372)
Table 5.36 Top ten destinations of Bangladeshi nationals, 2004(373)
Table 5.37 Top ten tourist generating countries in Bangladesh, 2004(373)
Table 5.38 Key macro econmic indicators of Bangladesh(374)
Table 5.39 Key statistics of health and family planning(376)
Table 5.40 Number of hospital beds in th different hospitals and clinics, 2004(377)
Table 5.41 Percentage of patients by methods of treatment(378)
Table 5.42 Contraception status, 2003(378)
Table 5.43 Maternal mortality ratio(MMR)(379)
Table 5.44 Crude death rate (CDR) by residence(379)
Table 5.45 Crude birth rate (CBR) by residence(380)
Table 5.46 Infant mortality rate (IMR)(380)
Table 5.47 Life expectancy at birth by sex(380)
Table 5.48 Marriage, divorce and separation, 2003 by residence(381)
Table 5.49 Fertility status, 2003(383)
Table 5.50 Mortality status, 2003(383)
Table 5.51 Immunization and delivery care, 2004(386)
Table 5.52 Key statistics of labour force(389)
Table 5.53 Employment of Bangladeshis abroad(393)
Appendix(395)
Appendix-ⅠGlossary(397)
Appendix-ⅡStorm warning signals in Bangladesh(406)
Appendix-ⅢWind speed estimation over land in Bangladesh according to beauport scale(407)
Appendix-ⅣChronology of big floods in Bangladesh, 1781-2003(408)
Appendix-ⅤChronology of major cyclonic storms in Bangladesh, 1584 to 1998(411)
Appendix-ⅥChronology of droughts of historical significance in Bagladesh(416)
Appendix-ⅦChronology of Earthquakes(417)
Personnel Involved in Preparation of the Report(419)
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